References:

1. Bronfenbrenner, M. ‘Equality and Equity’. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1973.

2. Equality EIfG. Gender parity, 2019: https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/terms/1195

3. Ruzycki & Freeman, et al. ‘Association of physician characteristics with perceptions

and experiences of gender equity in an academic internal medicine department.’

JAMA Net Open, 2019.

4. Pearson & Dodd, et al. ‘Pilot Survey of Female Anesthesiologists’ Childbearing and Parental Leave Experiences.’ Anesth Analg, 2019.

5. Choo & Girgis C et al. ‘High Prevalence of Peripartum Depression Among Physician Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Study.’ Am J Psychiatry, 2019.

6. Halley & Rustagi et al. ‘Physician mothers’ experience of workplace discrimination: a qualitative analysis.’ BMJ, 2018.

7. Scully & Stagg, et al. ‘Pregnancy outcomes in female physicians in procedural versus non-procedural specialties.’ Am J Surg, 2017.

8. Adesoye & Mangurian, et al. ‘Perceived Discrimination Experienced by Physician Mothers and Desired Workplace Changes: A Cross-sectional Survey.’ JAMA Intern Med, 2017.

9. Perumalswami, Laventhal. ‘Ethical Issues Related to Breastfeeding for US Physicians Who Are Mothers.’ JAMA Intern Med, 2018.

10. Eren & Kural, et al. ‘Breastfeeding experiences of female physicians and the impact of the law change on breastfeeding.’ Turk Pediatri Ars, 2018.

11. Melnitchouk N, Scully RE, Davids JS. Barriers to Breastfeeding for US Physicians Who Are Mothers. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(8):1130-2.

12. Ly, Jena. ‘Sex Differences in Time Spent on Household Activities and Care of Children Among US Physicians, 2003-2016.’ Mayo Clin Proc, 2018.

13. Starmer & Frintner, et al. ‘Gender Discrepancies Related to Pediatrician Work-Life Balance and Household Responsibilities.’ Pediatrics, 2019.

14. Stack & Jagsi, et al. ‘Maternity Leave in Residency: A Multicenter Study of Determinants and Wellness Outcomes.’

Acad Med, 2019.

15. ‘Female physicians do not work as hard,’ Plano doctor tells Dallas Medical Journal. Dallas News, September 2018.

16. Mueller & Jenkins, et al. ‘Gender Differences in Attending Physicians’ Feedback to Residents: A Qualitative Analysis.’ J Grad Med Educ, 2017.

17. Burns & Straus, et al. ‘Gender differences in grant and personnel award funding rates at the Canadian Institute of Health Research based on research content area: a retrospective analysis.’ PLoS Med, 2019.

18. Rangel & Smink, et al. ‘Pregnancy and Motherhood During Surgical Training.’ JAMA Surg., 2018.

19. National Academies of Sciences and Medicine. ‘Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.’ The National Academies Press, 2018.

20. P. Phillips & Imbeau, et al. ‘Sexual harassment of Canadian Medical Students: A national survey.’ Lancet, 2019.

21. LeFort. ‘Issues related to intimidation, bullying, harassment and sexual harassment in the Faculty of Medicine.’ Memorial University, 2018.

22. Report on Discrimination, Bullying, and Sexual Harassment. Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, 2015.

23. Morgan & Chaiyachati, et al. ‘Eliminating Gender-Based Bias in Academic Medicine: More Than Naming the “Elephant in the Room”.’ J Gen Intern Med, 2018.

24. Walsh, Gates. ‘Zero Tolerance for Sexual Harassment in Cardiology: Moving From #MeToo to #MeNeither.’ J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018.

25. Cortina, Jagsi. ‘What Can Medicine Learn From Social Science Studies of Sexual Harassment?’ Ann Intern Med, 2018.

26. Babaria & Abedin, et al. ‘“I’m too used to it”: a longitudinal qualitative study of third year female medical students’ experiences of gendered encounters in medical education.’ Soc Sci Med, 2012.

27. Canada AoFoMo. Canadian Medical Education Statistics, 2018.

28. ‘Physicians by specialty, sex, and age group.’ CMA, 2019.

29. Burgess & Shaw E, et al. ‘Gender Equity within Medical Specialties of Australia and New Zealand: Cardiology’s Outlier Status.’ Intern Med J, 2019.

30. Student Statistics Reports: Medical Deans in Australia and New Zealand, 2019: https://medicaldeans.org.au/data/student-statistics-reports/

31. Mathews, Bismark. ‘Sexual harassment in the medical profession: legal and ethical responsibilities.’ Med J Aust, 2015.

32. Crebbin & Campbell et al. ‘Prevalence of bullying, discrimination and sexual harassment in surgery in Australasia.’ ANZ J Surg, 2015.

33. Moberly. ‘Number of women entering medical school rises after decade of decline.’ BMJ, 2018.

34. Dossa & Simpson, et al. ‘Sex-Based Disparities in the Hourly Earnings of Surgeons in the Fee-for-Service System in Ontario, Canada.’ JAMA Surg, 2019.

35. Desai & Ali, et al. ‘Equal work for unequal pay: the gender reimbursement gap for healthcare providers in the United States.’ Postgrad Med J, 2016.

36. Lo Sasso & Richards, et al. ‘The $16,819 pay gap for newly trained physicians: the unexplained trend of men earning more than women.’ Health Aff, 2011.

37. Laine, Turner. ‘Unequal pay for equal work: the gender gap in academic medicine.’ Ann Intern Med, 2004.

38. Ruzycki & Fletcher, et al. ‘Trends in the Proportion of Female Speakers at Medical Conferences in the United States and in Canada, 2007 to 2017.’ JAMA Net Open, 2019.

39. Silver & Ghalib, et al. ‘Analysis of gender equity in leadership of physician-focused medical specialty societies, 2008-2017.’ JAMA Intern Med, 2019.

40. Female Physician Leaders in Alberta Health Services. AHS, 2018.

41. Carr & Raj, et al. ‘Gender Differences in Academic Medicine: Retention, Rank, and Leadership Comparisons From the National Faculty Survey.’ Acad Med, 2018.

42. Schor. ‘The Decanal Divide: Women in Decanal Roles at U.S. Medical Schools.’ Acad Med, 2018.